NOTE- MAKING

NOTE- MAKING

 
Read the passages carefully and make notes also give suitable titles to them.
 
Passage-1
 
In 776 BC the First Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount
Olympus to honour the Greek’s chief God Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical
fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running,
jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing and horse and chariot racing were held
in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus.
Winners were greatly honoured by having poems sung about their deeds. Originally
these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to
allow the games to take place. The Greeks attached so much importance to these
games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called ‘Olympiads’ dating from
776 BC.
 
Answer - Title - 'Olympic Games'
 
Notes –
1 - The First Olympic
    1.1 - held in 776 BC
    1.2 - at the foot of Mount Olympus
2 - Greeks Emphasized
    2.1 - physical fitness
    2.2 - strength in their education of youth
3 - Contests Held
    3.1 - running, jumping
    3.2 - discus and javelin throwing
    3.3 - boxing, horse and chariot racing
 
Passage-2
 
Chameleons can make their skin colour change, but not because they
decide to. The colour changes to help the chameleon avoid its enemies. It is a form
of camouflage, a disguise that lets it blend in with its surroundings. The change is
actually determined by environmental factors, such as light and temperature. Bright
sunlight causes the skin to darken. On cool nights, the colour fades to a creamy
colour. The colour also changes when chameleons are excited, angry or afraid. The
colour change is rapid and increases when the chameleon is handled, injured, or
approached by another chameleon. There are many types of chameleons. Almost
half of them are found on the African island of Madagascar. The others mostly occur
in the Sahara Desert, with few in Western Asia and Southern Europe. Chameleons
live in trees, where they usually eat insects. Very large chameleons may even use
their sticky tongues to catch birds.
 
Answer - Title - 'Chameleons'
 
Notes –
1 - Skin Colour Change
    1.1 - avoid enemies
    1.2 - blend with surroundings
2 - Change is Determined
    2.1 - light and temperature
    2.2 - excited, angry or afraid
    2.3 - handled or injured
3 - Types of Chameleons
    3.1 - the Sahara desert
    3.2 - African island of Madagascar
    3.3 - Western Asia and Southern Europe
 
Passage-3
 
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal. Dolphins are extremely intelligent and
sociable animals and have their own way to communicate with each other using
special sounds. Although they are often mistaken for fish, dolphins are actually
mammals. They are members of the Cetacea (pronounced set-ay-shia) family, which
also contains whales and porpoises. One way of telling the difference between a
cetacean and a fish is by looking at their tails. You can tell a cetacean because their
tail fins (called flukes) are horizontal and move up and down. Fish have vertical tails
which move from side to side. A dolphin’s body is designed to help them move
quickly and easily through water. The dolphin’s fluke propels it through the water.
On its back is a curved dorsal fin and on each side of the dolphin is a pectoral fin.
The bump on a dolphin’s head is known as the melon. They trap their prey by using
their teeth. Dolphins use a type of sonar to detect where objects are around them.
This is called echolocation. Echolocation works when a dolphin bounces a high-
pitched sound off an object and then listens for the echo to come back. It is a very
useful way for dolphins to find food and navigate. Dolphins communicate with each
other through clicks, squeaks and whistles. They use these special sounds to greet
each other and to indicate if they are in distress. Dolphins live in the sea, but they
can’t breathe under water! They breathe through a blowhole and have to come up
for air every 15 minutes.
 
Answer - Title - 'Dolphin'
 
Notes –
1 - An Aquatic Mammal
    1.1 - intelligent and sociable animal
    1.2 - communicate using special sounds
2 - Body Design
    2.1 - to help move quickly through water
    2.2 - fluke propels
    2.3 - dorsal fin and pectoral fin
    2.4 - bump on head
3 - Communication
    3.1 - echolocation work
    3.2 - clicks, squeaks and whistles
 
Passage-4
 
The heart is one of the most vital components of the human body. The
heart of the human body has the continuous job to keep oxygen-rich blood flowing
through the body. All the body’s cells need a constant supply of oxygen, particularly
in the brain. The brain cells live only four to five minutes after the oxygen is cut off
and death comes to the entire body. Heart disease can result from damage to the
heart muscles, the valves or the pacemaker. If the muscle is damaged, the heart is
unable to pump properly. If the valves are damaged, blood cannot flow normally.
Dr. John Gibbon of U.S.A. developed a machine in 1953 that could take over
temporarily from the heart. Surgeons had the chance to repair or replace a
defective heart. Many patients have had plastic valves inserted in their hearts when
their hearts were faulty. Many people are now being kept alive with tiny battery-
operated pacemakers.
 
Answer - Title - 'Human Heart'
 
Notes –
1 - The Most Vital Components
    1.1 - continuous job
    1.2 - keep oxygen-rich blood
2 - Heart Disease
    2.1 - damage to the heart muscles
    2.2 - valves or pacemaker
    2.3 - unable to pump
3 - Dr. John Gibbon of U.S.A.
    3.1 - develop a machine
    3.2 - take over temporarily from the heart
    3.3 - plastic valves inserted
 
Passage-5
 
Crude mineral oil comes out of the earth as a thick brown or black liquid
with a strong smell. It is a complex mixture of many different substances, each with
its own individual qualities. Most of them are combinations of hydrogen and carbon
in varying proportions. Such hydrocarbons are also found in other forms such as
bitumen, asphalt and natural gas. Mineral oil originates from the carcasses of tiny
animals and from plants that live in the sea. Over millions of years, these dead
creatures form large deposits under sea-bed and ocean currents cover them with a
blanket of sand and silt. As this material hardens, it becomes sedimentary rock and
effectively shuts out the oxygen, thus preventing the complete decomposition of
the marine deposit’s underneath. The layers of sedimentary rocks become thicker,
and heavier. Their pressure produces heat, which transforms the tiny carcasses into
crude oil in a process that is still going on today.
 
Answer - Title - 'Crude Mineral Oil'
 
Notes –
1 - Come out
    1.1 - as a thick brown or black liquid
    1.2 - with strong smell
2 - Originates
    2.1 - carcasses of tiny animals
    2.2 - plants that live in the sea
3 - Layers of Sedimentary Rocks
    3.1 - become thicker and heavier
    3.2 - pressure produces heat
    3.3 - transform tiny carcasses into crude oil
 
Passage-6
 
Games and sports are an important part of education. They help in the
development of the physique and mind of the student. A sound body possesses a
sound mind. If we are weak and sick, we cannot have a fertile brain. Games and
sports keep us healthy. They keep us active and make us smart. Mere bookish
knowledge would not lead to be blended in a suitable proportion so that the
students can have the best of them. They should not only develop the mind but also
the body. Both are essential for a wholesome personality.
Games and sports have great value in student life. The foundation for a virtuous is
laid in school. The sports arena teachers many things to the students give them
discipline. It develops, their sportsman spirit, mental outlook, cheerful nature,
strong physique. All these are important traits of successful life.
 
Answer - Title - 'Importance of Games And Sports'
 
Notes –
1 - Help in development
    1.1 - physique
    1.2 - mind
2 - Keep us
    2.1 - healthy
    2.2 - make smart
3 - In Student Life
    3.1 - learn many things

3.2 - discipline

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